houra kautikaKo te (NaOH) tētahi o ngā matū kai nui rawa atu, me te tapeke o te whakaputanga ia tau o te 106t. Ka whakamahia te NaOH i roto i te matū waro, i te hanga konumohe, i te umanga pepa, i te umanga tukatuka kai, i te hanga hopi horoi, me ētahi atu. Ko te houra kautika he hua tahi i roto i te hanga o te chlorine, 97% o ēnei ka puta mā te electrolysis o te konutai chloride.
He kaha te pānga o te houra kautika ki te nuinga o ngā rauemi whakarewa, inā koa i ngā pāmahana me ngā kukū tiketike. Heoi, kua roa e mōhiotia ana he tino pai te ātete o te nikara ki te waikura ki te houra kautika i ngā kukū me ngā pāmahana katoa, e whakaatuhia ana i te Pikitia 1. Hei tāpiri, haunga ngā kukū me ngā pāmahana tino tiketike, kāore te nikara e pāngia e te pakaru waikura i puta mai i te ahotea. Nō reira, ka whakamahia te koranu paerewa nikara 200 (EN 2.4066/UNS N02200) me te koranu 201 (EN 2.4068/UNS N02201) i ēnei wāhanga o te hanga houra kautika, e hiahia ana ki te ātete waikura teitei rawa atu. Ko ngā katote i roto i te pūtau hiko e whakamahia ana i roto i te tukanga membrane he mea hanga ki ngā rau nikara anō hoki. Ko ngā waeine o raro mō te kukū i te waikura he mea hanga hoki ki te nikara. Ka mahi rātou i runga i te mātāpono mimiti maha-wāhanga, ko te nuinga me ngā mimiti kiriata hinga. I roto i ēnei waeine, ka whakamahia te nikara hei ngongo, hei pepa ngongo rānei mō ngā whakawhiti wera i mua i te mimiti, hei pepa, hei pereti hipoki rānei mō ngā waeine i mua i te mimiti, ā, i roto hoki i ngā paipa hei kawe i te wairewa houra tunutunu. I runga i te tere rere, ka taea e ngā tioata houra tunutunu (wairewa tino mātotoru) te whakahoro i ngā ngongo whakawhiti wera, ā, me whakakapi i muri i te wā mahi o te 2–5 tau. Ka whakamahia te tukanga mimiti kiriata-taka hei whakaputa i te houra tunutunu tino kukū, kore-wai. I roto i te tukanga kiriata-taka i whakawhanakehia e Bertrams, ka whakamahia te tote rewa i te pāmahana o te 400 °C hei reo whakamahana. I konei, me whakamahi ngā ngongo i hangaia ki te koranu nikara waro-iti 201 (EN 2.4068/UNS N02201) nā te mea i ngā pāmahana neke atu i te 315 °C (600 °F) ka taea e te nui ake o te waro o te koranu nikara paerewa 200 (EN 2.4066/UNS N02200) te arahi ki te maturuturunga o te karāhe ki ngā rohe o te kōpura.
Ko te nikara te rauemi hanga pai mō ngā mīhini whakapūkara houra kautika ina kore e taea te whakamahi i ngā maitai austenitic. Mēnā he poke pērā i te chlorate, i ngā matū whanariki rānei – i te wā rānei e hiahiatia ana he kaha teitei ake – ka whakamahia ngā rauemi kei roto te chromium pērā i te koranu 600 L (EN 2.4817/UNS N06600) i ētahi wā. He mea nui anō hoki mō ngā taiao kautika ko te koranu kei roto te chromium teitei 33 (EN 1.4591/UNS R20033). Mēnā ka whakamahia ēnei rauemi, me whakarite kia kore e puta te pakaru o te waikura-aukati i roto i ngā āhuatanga mahi.
He tino pai te ātete o te koranu 33 (EN 1.4591/UNS R20033) ki te waikura i roto i te 25 me te 50% NaOH tae noa ki te kohua, me te 70% NaOH i te 170 °C. I whakaatu hoki tēnei koranu i te mahi tino pai i roto i ngā whakamātautau mara i roto i tētahi tipu i whakakīia ki te houra tunutunu mai i te tukanga diaphragm.39 E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 21 i ētahi hua e pā ana ki te kukū o tēnei wai koranu diaphragm, i poke i te hauota me te hauota. Tae atu ki te kukū o te 45% NaOH, ko te koranu rauemi 33 (EN 1.4591/UNS R20033) me te koranu nikara 201 (EN 2.4068/UNS N2201) e whakaatu ana i tētahi ātete tino pai. Mā te piki haere o te pāmahana me te kukū, ka nui ake te ātete o te koranu 33 i te nikara. Nō reira, nā te nui o te chromium, te ahua nei he pai te koranu 33 ki te whakahaere i ngā otinga koranu me te hauota me te hauota mai i te tukanga diaphragm, i te pūtau mercury rānei.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-21-2022