E ai ki tōna āhua, ka taea te wehewehe i te houra kautika ki te houra kongakonga, te houra kirikiri me te houra totoka. He maha ngā momo whakamahinga o te houra kautika, koinei te whakataki taipitopito māu:
1. Hinu parakore.
I muri i te horoinga ki te waikawa whanariki, kei roto tonu i ngā hua hinu ētahi matū waikawa, me horoi ēnei ki te wairewa konutai hauwai, kātahi ka horoia ki te wai kia puta ai ngā hua kua parakore.
2. te tā me te tae
Ko te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tae indigo me ngā tae quinone. I roto i te tukanga tae o ngā tae ipu, me whakamahi te wai houra kautika me te hauwai hauwai konutai hei whakaiti i a rātou ki te waikawa leuco, kātahi ka waikura ki tōna āhua taketake kore-rewa me ngā waikura i muri i te tae.
I muri i te rongoā houra tunutunu ki te kakahu miro, ka taea te tango i te ware pi, te hinu, te māngaro me ētahi atu matū kua hipokina ki te kakahu miro, ā, i te wa ano, ka taea te whakanui ake i te kanapa mercerized o te kakahu kia ōrite ake te tae.
3. Muka kakahu
1).Kakahu
Ka rongoatia ngā papanga miro me te rinena ki te wai konutai hauwai (houka konutai) kukū hei whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga o te muka. Ko ngā muka hanga-tangata pēnei i te rayon, te rayon, te rayon, me ētahi atu, he muka viscose te nuinga. He mea hanga ēnei ki te cellulose (pēnei i te penupenu), te konutai hauwai, me te waro disulfide (CS2) hei rauemi mata hei hanga wai viscose, ka rehuhia, ka hangaia mā te whakapūhautanga.
2). Muka viscose
Tuatahi, whakamahia te otinga houra kautika 18-20% hei whakakī i te cellulose kia hanga hei cellulose kawakore, kātahi ka whakamarokehia, ka kuruhia te cellulose kawakore, tāpirihia te waro disulfide, ā, hei whakamutunga, whakarewahia te sulfonate ki te wai tote waimeha kia puta ai te viscose. Whai muri i te tātari me te whakakorekore (te tango i ngā mirumiru hau), ka taea te whakamahi mō te huri.
4. Te hanga pepa
Ko ngā rauemi mata mō te hanga pepa he rakau, he tarutaru rānei, kei roto he nui ngā mea kore-cellulose (lignin, kapia, me ētahi atu) hei tāpiri atu ki te cellulose. Ka whakamahia te konutai hauwai hei tango i te wera, ā, mā te tango i te lignin i roto i te rakau ka taea te tiki muka. Ka taea te whakarewa me te wehe i ngā wāhanga kore-cellulose mā te tāpiri i te wai konutai hauwai waimeha, kia taea ai te tiki penupenu me te cellulose hei wāhanga matua.
5. Whakapaitia te oneone ki te raima.
I roto i ngā oneone, ka puta pea ngā waikawa i te huarere o ngā kohuke nā te hanganga o ngā waikawa waro i te pirau o ngā mea waro. Hei tāpiri, mā te whakamahinga o ngā maniua kore-waro pērā i te ammonium sulfate me te ammonium chloride ka waikawa te oneone. Mā te paninga o te nui o te raima e tika ana ka taea te whakakore i ngā matū waikawa i roto i te oneone, ka pai ai te oneone mō te tipu o ngā hua me te whakatairanga i te whakaputa uri o ngā moroiti. Mā te whakanui ake i te Ca2+ i roto i te oneone ka taea te whakatairanga i te whakapūmau o ngā korōiti oneone, e whai hua ana ki te hanganga o ngā mea whakahiato, ā, i te wā kotahi ka taea te whakarato i te konupūmā e hiahiatia ana mō te tipu o ngā tipu.
6. Te ahumahi matū me ngā matū tauhohenga.
I roto i te umanga matū, ka whakamahia te houra kautika hei hanga konganuku konutai me te whakapūkara i te wai. Ka whakamahia te houra kautika, te pungarehu houra rānei, hei hanga i ngā tote kore-waro maha, inā koa i te whakarite i ētahi tote konutai (pērā i te borax, te silicate konutai, te phosphate konutai, te dichromate konutai, te whanariki konutai, me ētahi atu). Ka whakamahia hoki te houra kautika, te pungarehu houra rānei, hei hanga i ngā tae, ngā rongoā me ngā takawaenga waro.
7. rapa, hiako
1). Te silica kua whakapūpūtia
Tuatahi: hangaia he karāhe wai (Na2O.mSO2) mā te tauhohe i te hauwai konutai ki te konganuku quartz (SiO2)
Tuarua: tauhohehia te karāhe wai ki te waikawa whanariki, te waikawa hauwaiora, me te hauhā waro hei whakaputa i te waro pango mā (hauhā hiraka)
Ko te silica kua whakahuatia i konei te mea whakapakari pai rawa atu mō te rapa maori me te rapa hangai.
2). Te hangarua i te rapa tawhito
I te hangaruatanga o te rapa tawhito, ka tukatukahia te paura rapa ki te otinga konutai hauwai, kātahi ka tukatukahia.
3). Hiako
Te mahi whakakini kiri: he tukanga hangarua o te wai pungarehu para whakakini kiri, i tetahi taha, i waenga i ngā taahiraa e rua o te maimoatanga wai konutai whanariki me te tāpiri i te maimoatanga wai paura raima ki roto i te tukanga whakawhānui o nāianei, ka piki ake te whakamahinga o te taumaha tara mā te 0.3-0.5%. Mā te taahiraa maimoatanga wai konutai hauwai 30% ka whānui katoa te muka hiako, ka tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te tukanga, ā, ka whakapai ake i te kounga o te hua haurua-oti.
8. te whakarewa, te whakakikorua hiko
I roto i te umanga whakarewa, he maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana kia hurihia ngā matū hohe o te konganuku hei tote konutai wairewa hei tango i ngā poke kore wairewa. Nō reira, he maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana kia tāpirihia te pungarehu houra (he rere hoki), ā, i ētahi wā ka whakamahia hoki te houra kautika.
9. ētahi atu āhuatanga o te tūranga
1). E rua ngā mahi a te houra tunutunu uku i roto i te hanga uku. Tuatahi, ka whakamahia te houra tunutunu hei waiwhakarewa i roto i te tukanga tahu uku. Tuarua, ka rakuraku, ka tino taratara rānei te mata o ngā uku kua tahuna. Horoia ki te wairewa houra tunutunu. Hei whakamutunga, kia maeneene ake te mata uku.
2). I roto i te umanga taputapu, ka whakamahia hei whakakore waikawa, hei tango tae, hei tango haunga hoki. Ka whakamahia te umanga piri hei whakakorikori māngaro me te whakakore. Ka taea te whakamahi hei kaihoko tihore, hei kaihoko tango tae, hei kaihoko tango haunga hoki o te citrus, te pītiti, me ētahi atu.
Te wā tuku: 16-Pepuere-2023