Ngā Pūrongo Ahumahi
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He aha te whakamahinga o te HDPE?
E whakamahia ana te HDPE i roto i ngā hua me ngā takai pēnei i ngā ipu miraka, ngā pounamu hopi horoi, ngā ipu pata, ngā ipu para me ngā paipa wai. I roto i ngā ngongo rerekē te roa, e whakamahia ana te HDPE hei whakakapi mō ngā ngongo moata kātene kua tukuna mō ngā take matua e rua. Tuatahi, he nui ake te haumaru i ngā ngongo kātene kua tukuna nā te mea mēnā ka hē te anga ka pahū i roto i te ngongo HDPE, e kore te ngongo e pakaru. Ko te take tuarua he mea ka taea te whakamahi anō, ā, ka taea e ngā kaihoahoa te hanga i ngā whata moata pupuhi maha. Kāore ngā tohunga ahi e whakahē i te whakamahinga o ngā ngongo PVC i roto i ngā ngongo moata nā te mea ka pakaru pea, ka tukuna he maramara kirihou ki ngā kaimātakitaki pea, ā, e kore e puta i roto i ngā hihi-X. -
Ka noho ko te kāri matomato PLA hei otinga rongonui mō te umanga pūtea.
He nui rawa te kirihou e hiahiatia ana hei hanga kāri peeke i ia tau, ā, i te tipu haere o ngā āwangawanga taiao, kua whakawhanakehia e Thales, he kaiārahi i roto i te haumarutanga hangarau teitei, tētahi otinga. Hei tauira, he kāri i hangaia mai i te 85% waikawa polylactic (PLA), i ahu mai i te kānga; ko tētahi atu huarahi auaha ko te whakamahi i te kiko mai i ngā mahi horoi takutai mā te mahi tahi me te rōpū taiao Parley for the Oceans. Para kirihou i kohia – "Ocean Plastic®" hei rauemi mata auaha mō te hanga kāri; he kōwhiringa anō hoki mō ngā kāri PVC hangarua i hangaia katoatia mai i te kirihou para mai i te umanga tākai me te tā hei whakaiti i te whakamahinga o te kirihou hou. -
He tātaritanga poto mō ngā raraunga kawemai me te kaweake kapia pvc whakapiri a Haina mai i Hānuere ki Hune.
Mai i Hānuere ki Hune 2022, i kawemai tōku whenua i te katoa o te 37,600 tāne o te kapia whakapiri, he hekenga 23% i whakaritea ki te wā kotahi o te tau kua hipa, ā, i kaweake i te katoa o te 46,800 tāne o te kapia whakapiri, he pikinga 53.16% i whakaritea ki te wā kotahi o te tau kua hipa. I te haurua tuatahi o te tau, haunga ngā umanga takitahi i kati mō te tiaki, i noho tonu te kawenga mahi a te wheketere kapia whakapiri ā-rohe ki te taumata teitei, i rawaka te tuku taonga, ā, i haere tonu te hekenga o te mākete. I kaha te rapu a ngā kaihanga i ngā ota kaweake hei whakamama i ngā pakanga mākete ā-rohe, ā, i tino piki ake te nui o te kaweake. -
Me pēhea te mōhio mēnā he polypropylene te kirihou?
Ko tētahi o ngā huarahi māmā ki te whakahaere i te whakamātautau mura ko te tapahi i tētahi tauira mai i te kirihou ka tahuna ki roto i te kāpata paowa. Mā te tae o te mura, te kakara me ngā āhuatanga o te tahunga ka taea te tohu i te momo kirihou: 1. Polyethylene (PE) – He maturuturu, he kakara rite ki te ware pi; 2. Polypropylene (PP) – He maturuturu, he kakara nui o te hinu miihini paru me ngā atarangi o te ware pi; 3. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA, “Perspex”) – He mirumiru, he pakū, he kakara reka; 4. Polyamide, “Nylon” rānei (PA) – He mura pungarehu, he kakara o te marigold; 5. Acrylonitrilebutadienestyrene (ABS) – Kāore i te mārama, he mura pungarehu, he kakara o te marigold; 6. Pahuka Polyethylene (PE) – He maturuturu, he kakara o te ware pi -
Ka whakarewahia e Mars M Beans he takai pepa PLA pirau-koiora ki Haina.
I te tau 2022, i whakarewahia e Mars te tiakarete M&M's tuatahi kua takaihia ki roto i te pepa hiato pirau i Haina. He mea hanga ki ngā rauemi pirau pēnei i te pepa me te PLA, hei whakakapi i ngā takai kirihou ngohengohe tuku iho o mua. Kua paahitia e te takai te GB/T. Kua whakamanahia e te tikanga whakatau o te 19277.1 i raro i ngā tikanga whakawairakau ahumahi, ka taea e ia te pirau neke atu i te 90% i roto i ngā marama e 6, ā, ka noho hei wai kore-paitini, hauhā waro me ētahi atu hua i muri i te pirau. -
Kei te piki tonu te nui o ngā kaweake PVC a Haina i te haurua tuatahi o te tau.
E ai ki ngā tatauranga hou a te tari taake, i te marama o Hune 2022, ko te nui o te paura parakore PVC i kawemaihia e tōku whenua he 29,900 tana, he pikinga 35.47% mai i te marama o mua, ā, he pikinga tau-ki-te-tau he 23.21%; i te marama o Hune 2022, ko te nui o te paura parakore PVC i kaweakehia e tōku whenua he 223,500 tana, ko te hekenga marama-ki-te-marama he 16%, ā, ko te pikinga tau-ki-te-tau he 72.50%. I mau tonu te nui o te kaweake i te taumata teitei, ā, i whakaiti i te nui o te tuku i roto i te mākete o roto ki tētahi taumata. -
He aha te Polypropylene (PP)?
He matū wera pakari, pakari, me te tioata te polypropylene (PP). He mea hanga mai i te monomer propene (propylene rānei). Ko tēnei kapia hauwaiwai rārangi te polymer māmā rawa atu i roto i ngā kirihou taonga katoa. Ka puta mai te PP hei homopolymer, hei copolymer rānei, ā, ka taea te whakanui ake mā te whakamahi i ngā tāpiringa. Ka kitea te whakamahinga i roto i ngā takai, ngā motuka, ngā taonga kaihoko, ngā kiriata whakarewa, me ētahi atu. Kua noho te PP hei rauemi whiriwhiri, inā koa kei te rapu koe i tētahi polymer he kaha ake (hei tauira, vs Polyamide) i roto i ngā tono hangarau, kei te rapu noa rānei koe i te painga utu i roto i ngā pounamu pupuhi (vs. PET). -
He aha te Polyethylene (PE)?
Ko te Polyethylene (PE), e mōhiotia ana ko te polythene, te polyethene rānei, tētahi o ngā kirihou e whakamahia whānuitia ana i te ao. He hanganga rārangi ngā polyethylene, ā, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā polymer tāpiri. Ko te whakamahinga matua o ēnei polymer hangai kei roto i ngā takai. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te Polyethelyne ki te hanga putea kirihou, pounamu, kiriata kirihou, ipu, me ngā geomembranes. E tika ana kia mōhiotia neke atu i te 100 miriona tāne o te polyethene e hangaia ana i ia tau mō ngā kaupapa arumoni me ngā kaupapa ahumahi. -
He tātaritanga o te whakahaeretanga o te mākete kaweake PVC o tōku whenua i te haurua tuatahi o te tau 2022.
I te haurua tuatahi o te tau 2022, i piki ake te mākete kaweake PVC i ia tau. I te hauwhā tuatahi, i pāngia e te paheketanga ōhanga o te ao me te mate urutā, he maha ngā kamupene kaweake ā-rohe i tohu kua iti haere te tono mō ngā kōpae o waho. Heoi, mai i te tīmatanga o Mei, me te whakapai ake i te āhuatanga o te mate urutā me te raupapa o ngā mahi i whakatinanahia e te kāwanatanga Haina hei whakatenatena i te whakaoranga ōhanga, kua tino teitei te tere whakahaere o ngā umanga hanga PVC ā-rohe, kua mahana ake te mākete kaweake PVC, ā, kua piki ake te tono mō ngā kōpae o waho. E whakaatu ana te tau i tētahi ia tipu, ā, kua pai ake te mahi whānui o te mākete ki te wā o mua. -
He aha te whakamahinga o te PVC?
He maha ngā whakamahinga o te polyvinyl chloride (PVC, vinyl rānei) e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mahi hanga whare, hauora, hikohiko, motuka me ētahi atu rāngai, mai i ngā paipa me ngā pakitara, ngā pēke toto me ngā ngongo, ki te whakamahana waea me te taura, ngā wāhanga pūnaha matapihi me te maha atu. -
Kua tata te tukunga atu o te kaupapa whakawhānui ethylene me te whakamahine miriona tana a Hainan Refinery.
Kei roto i te Rohe Whakawhanake Ōhanga o Yangpu te Kaupapa Whakapaipai me te Matū Ethylene o Hainan me te Kaupapa Whakahou me te Whakawhanui Whakapaipai, me te haumitanga katoa neke atu i te 28 piriona yuan. Tae noa ki tēnei wā, kua eke te ahunga whakamua o te hanganga katoa ki te 98%. I muri i te otinga o te kaupapa me te whakaurunga ki te mahi, e matapaetia ana ka neke atu i te 100 piriona yuan o ngā ahumahi o raro. Ka tū te Huihuinga Whakawhanuitanga Rauemi Olefin me te Huihuinga o raro Hiranga ki Sanya i te 27-28 o Hūrae. I raro i te āhuatanga hou, ka matapakihia te whanaketanga o ngā kaupapa nui pēnei i te PDH, me te pakaru o te ethane, te ia o ngā hangarau hou ā muri ake nei pēnei i te hinu mata tika ki ngā olefin, me te whakatupuranga hou o te waro/methanol ki ngā olefin. -
MIT: Ka hangaia e ngā matūriki iti o te polylactic-glycolic acid copolymer te kano kano "whakarei ake i a ia anō".
I roto i te puka hou, Science Advances, e ai ki ngā kaipūtaiao o te Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), kei te whakawhanakehia e rātou he kano ārai mate kotahi-horopeta e whakapakari ana i a ia anō. I muri i te werohanga o te kano ārai mate ki roto i te tinana tangata, ka taea te tuku i ngā wā maha, me te kore e hiahiatia he werohanga whakapakari. E whakaarohia ana ka whakamahia te kano ārai mate hou ki ngā mate mai i te rewharewha ki te Covid-19. E ai ki ngā pūrongo, he matūriki poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) tēnei kano ārai mate hou. He matūriki waro polymer mahi pirau te PLGA, kāore he paitini, ā, he pai te hototahi ki te koiora. Kua whakaaetia kia whakamahia ki ngā mea tāpiri, ki ngā tuitui, ki ngā rauemi whakatika, me ētahi atu.