Ngā Pūrongo Ahumahi
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He Tātaritanga mō te Āhua Whanaketanga o te Ahumahi PVC i Amerika Te Raki.
Ko Amerika Te Raki te tuarua o ngā rohe hanga PVC nui rawa atu o te ao. I te tau 2020, ka eke te hanga PVC ki te 7.16 miriona tana, arā, 16% o te hanga PVC o te ao. I ngā rā kei te heke mai, ka piki tonu te hanga PVC ki Amerika Te Raki. Ko Amerika Te Raki te kaihoko PVC nui rawa atu o te ao, arā, 33% o te hokohoko kaweake PVC o te ao. Nā te nui o te tuku i Amerika Te Raki, kāore e nui te pikinga o te rahinga kawemai i ngā rā kei te heke mai. I te tau 2020, ko te whakamahinga o te PVC ki Amerika Te Raki e tata ana ki te 5.11 miriona tana, ā, tata ki te 82% o ēnei kei te United States. Ko te whakamahinga PVC o Amerika Te Raki te nuinga o te wā i ahu mai i te whanaketanga o te mākete hanga. -
He aha te whakamahinga o te HDPE?
E whakamahia ana te HDPE i roto i ngā hua me ngā takai pēnei i ngā ipu miraka, ngā pounamu hopi horoi, ngā ipu pata, ngā ipu para me ngā paipa wai. I roto i ngā ngongo rerekē te roa, e whakamahia ana te HDPE hei whakakapi mō ngā ngongo moata kātene kua tukuna mō ngā take matua e rua. Tuatahi, he nui ake te haumaru i ngā ngongo kātene kua tukuna nā te mea mēnā ka hē te anga ka pahū i roto i te ngongo HDPE, e kore te ngongo e pakaru. Ko te take tuarua he mea ka taea te whakamahi anō, ā, ka taea e ngā kaihoahoa te hanga i ngā whata moata pupuhi maha. Kāore ngā tohunga ahi e whakahē i te whakamahinga o ngā ngongo PVC i roto i ngā ngongo moata nā te mea ka pakaru pea, ka tukuna he maramara kirihou ki ngā kaimātakitaki pea, ā, e kore e puta i roto i ngā hihi-X. -
Ka noho ko te kāri matomato PLA hei otinga rongonui mō te umanga pūtea.
He nui rawa te kirihou e hiahiatia ana hei hanga kāri peeke i ia tau, ā, i te tipu haere o ngā āwangawanga taiao, kua whakawhanakehia e Thales, he kaiārahi i roto i te haumarutanga hangarau teitei, tētahi otinga. Hei tauira, he kāri i hangaia mai i te 85% waikawa polylactic (PLA), i ahu mai i te kānga; ko tētahi atu huarahi auaha ko te whakamahi i te kiko mai i ngā mahi horoi takutai mā te mahi tahi me te rōpū taiao Parley for the Oceans. Para kirihou i kohia – "Ocean Plastic®" hei rauemi mata auaha mō te hanga kāri; he kōwhiringa anō hoki mō ngā kāri PVC hangarua i hangaia katoatia mai i te kirihou para mai i te umanga tākai me te tā hei whakaiti i te whakamahinga o te kirihou hou. -
He tātaritanga poto mō ngā raraunga kawemai me te kaweake kapia pvc whakapiri a Haina mai i Hānuere ki Hune.
Mai i Hānuere ki Hune 2022, i kawemai tōku whenua i te katoa o te 37,600 tāne o te kapia whakapiri, he hekenga 23% i whakaritea ki te wā kotahi o te tau kua hipa, ā, i kaweake i te katoa o te 46,800 tāne o te kapia whakapiri, he pikinga 53.16% i whakaritea ki te wā kotahi o te tau kua hipa. I te haurua tuatahi o te tau, haunga ngā umanga takitahi i kati mō te tiaki, i noho tonu te kawenga mahi a te wheketere kapia whakapiri ā-rohe ki te taumata teitei, i rawaka te tuku taonga, ā, i haere tonu te hekenga o te mākete. I kaha te rapu a ngā kaihanga i ngā ota kaweake hei whakamama i ngā pakanga mākete ā-rohe, ā, i tino piki ake te nui o te kaweake. -
Me pēhea te mōhio mēnā he polypropylene te kirihou?
Ko tētahi o ngā huarahi māmā ki te whakahaere i te whakamātautau mura ko te tapahi i tētahi tauira mai i te kirihou ka tahuna ki roto i te kāpata paowa. Mā te tae o te mura, te kakara me ngā āhuatanga o te tahunga ka taea te tohu i te momo kirihou: 1. Polyethylene (PE) – He maturuturu, he kakara rite ki te ware pi; 2. Polypropylene (PP) – He maturuturu, he kakara nui o te hinu miihini paru me ngā atarangi o te ware pi; 3. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA, “Perspex”) – He mirumiru, he pakū, he kakara reka; 4. Polyamide, “Nylon” rānei (PA) – He mura pungarehu, he kakara o te marigold; 5. Acrylonitrilebutadienestyrene (ABS) – Kāore i te mārama, he mura pungarehu, he kakara o te marigold; 6. Pahuka Polyethylene (PE) – He maturuturu, he kakara o te ware pi -
Ka whakarewahia e Mars M Beans he takai pepa PLA pirau-koiora ki Haina.
I te tau 2022, i whakarewahia e Mars te tiakarete M&M's tuatahi kua takaihia ki roto i te pepa hiato pirau i Haina. He mea hanga ki ngā rauemi pirau pēnei i te pepa me te PLA, hei whakakapi i ngā takai kirihou ngohengohe tuku iho o mua. Kua paahitia e te takai te GB/T. Kua whakamanahia e te tikanga whakatau o te 19277.1 i raro i ngā tikanga whakawairakau ahumahi, ka taea e ia te pirau neke atu i te 90% i roto i ngā marama e 6, ā, ka noho hei wai kore-paitini, hauhā waro me ētahi atu hua i muri i te pirau. -
Kei te piki tonu te nui o ngā kaweake PVC a Haina i te haurua tuatahi o te tau.
E ai ki ngā tatauranga hou a te tari taake, i te marama o Hune 2022, ko te nui o te paura parakore PVC i kawemaihia e tōku whenua he 29,900 tana, he pikinga 35.47% mai i te marama o mua, ā, he pikinga tau-ki-te-tau he 23.21%; i te marama o Hune 2022, ko te nui o te paura parakore PVC i kaweakehia e tōku whenua he 223,500 tana, ko te hekenga marama-ki-te-marama he 16%, ā, ko te pikinga tau-ki-te-tau he 72.50%. I mau tonu te nui o te kaweake i te taumata teitei, ā, i whakaiti i te nui o te tuku i roto i te mākete o roto ki tētahi taumata. -
He aha te Polypropylene (PP)?
He matū wera pakari, pakari, me te tioata te polypropylene (PP). He mea hanga mai i te monomer propene (propylene rānei). Ko tēnei kapia hauwaiwai rārangi te polymer māmā rawa atu i roto i ngā kirihou taonga katoa. Ka puta mai te PP hei homopolymer, hei copolymer rānei, ā, ka taea te whakanui ake mā te whakamahi i ngā tāpiringa. Ka kitea te whakamahinga i roto i ngā takai, ngā motuka, ngā taonga kaihoko, ngā kiriata whakarewa, me ētahi atu. Kua noho te PP hei rauemi whiriwhiri, inā koa kei te rapu koe i tētahi polymer he kaha ake (hei tauira, vs Polyamide) i roto i ngā tono hangarau, kei te rapu noa rānei koe i te painga utu i roto i ngā pounamu pupuhi (vs. PET). -
He aha te Polyethylene (PE)?
Ko te Polyethylene (PE), e mōhiotia ana ko te polythene, te polyethene rānei, tētahi o ngā kirihou e whakamahia whānuitia ana i te ao. He hanganga rārangi ngā polyethylene, ā, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā polymer tāpiri. Ko te whakamahinga matua o ēnei polymer hangai kei roto i ngā takai. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te Polyethelyne ki te hanga putea kirihou, pounamu, kiriata kirihou, ipu, me ngā geomembranes. E tika ana kia mōhiotia neke atu i te 100 miriona tāne o te polyethene e hangaia ana i ia tau mō ngā kaupapa arumoni me ngā kaupapa ahumahi. -
He tātaritanga o te whakahaeretanga o te mākete kaweake PVC o tōku whenua i te haurua tuatahi o te tau 2022.
I te haurua tuatahi o te tau 2022, i piki ake te mākete kaweake PVC i ia tau. I te hauwhā tuatahi, i pāngia e te paheketanga ōhanga o te ao me te mate urutā, he maha ngā kamupene kaweake ā-rohe i tohu kua iti haere te tono mō ngā kōpae o waho. Heoi, mai i te tīmatanga o Mei, me te whakapai ake i te āhuatanga o te mate urutā me te raupapa o ngā mahi i whakatinanahia e te kāwanatanga Haina hei whakatenatena i te whakaoranga ōhanga, kua tino teitei te tere whakahaere o ngā umanga hanga PVC ā-rohe, kua mahana ake te mākete kaweake PVC, ā, kua piki ake te tono mō ngā kōpae o waho. E whakaatu ana te tau i tētahi ia tipu, ā, kua pai ake te mahi whānui o te mākete ki te wā o mua. -
He aha te whakamahinga o te PVC?
He maha ngā whakamahinga o te polyvinyl chloride (PVC, vinyl rānei) e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mahi hanga whare, hauora, hikohiko, motuka me ētahi atu rāngai, mai i ngā paipa me ngā pakitara, ngā pēke toto me ngā ngongo, ki te whakamahana waea me te taura, ngā wāhanga pūnaha matapihi me te maha atu. -
Kua tata te tukunga atu o te kaupapa whakawhānui ethylene me te whakamahine miriona tana a Hainan Refinery.
Kei roto i te Rohe Whakawhanake Ōhanga o Yangpu te Kaupapa Whakapaipai me te Matū Ethylene o Hainan me te Kaupapa Whakahou me te Whakawhanui Whakapaipai, me te haumitanga katoa neke atu i te 28 piriona yuan. Tae noa ki tēnei wā, kua eke te ahunga whakamua o te hanganga katoa ki te 98%. I muri i te otinga o te kaupapa me te whakaurunga ki te mahi, e matapaetia ana ka neke atu i te 100 piriona yuan o ngā ahumahi o raro. Ka tū te Huihuinga Whakawhanuitanga Rauemi Olefin me te Huihuinga o raro Hiranga ki Sanya i te 27-28 o Hūrae. I raro i te āhuatanga hou, ka matapakihia te whanaketanga o ngā kaupapa nui pēnei i te PDH, me te pakaru o te ethane, te ia o ngā hangarau hou ā muri ake nei pēnei i te hinu mata tika ki ngā olefin, me te whakatupuranga hou o te waro/methanol ki ngā olefin.